Saturday, December 28, 2019

Addiction Psychology - 4561 Words

ADDICTION REVISION Biological Models of Addiction MODEL ONE: GENETICS McGue (1999) found that genes contribute to the development of alcohol dependence, with heritability estimates from 50-60% for both men and women. Noble et al (1991) found that the A1 variant of the DRD2 (Dopamine Receptor) was present in more than 2/3 of deceased alcoholics. Those with the A1 variant appear to have fewer dopamine receptors; they then turn to drugs and alcohol to increase their dopamine levels – compensating for the deficiency. |Evaluation of Genetics | |Strengths†¦show more content†¦Relapse – Parrott (1998) also claims that a cigarette has an ongoing (chronic) effect, which increases the individuals stress levels. Their desire to ‘solve’ the problem causes relapse. |Evaluation of The Self-Medication Model | |Strengths |Limitations | |Gottdiener et al (2008) carried out a meta-analysis of ten studies and found |This model cannot explain why individuals without any major psychological | |participants with substance abuse disorders showed significant failure in ego|problems have substance abuse disorders – as there is nothing to ‘cure’. | |control (the ability to resist using drugs as a medicine); compared to a |Synoptic; Cause or consequence. | |control group. | | |Synoptic; Reliable and valid research – through the meta-analysis (above). | | MODEL TWO: EXPECTANCY THEORYShow MoreRelatedPsychology of Adolescent Addiction Essay1953 Words   |  8 PagesThere are various forms of addictions that teenagers and adolescents indulge in. Various researchers have devices concepts, theoretical frameworks and models to try to identify the cause of addiction among young people. For instance, in a longitudinal study by Hansell and White (1991) Shedler and Block (1990), results showed no correlation between â€Å"drug addiction and adolescents trying to cope with pre-existing psychological distress† (p. 288). On the contrary, drug addiction correlated to physicalRead MoreEssay On Addiction Training In Psychology789 Words   |  4 Pages In Addiction Training in Clinical Psychology: Are We Keeping up With the Rising Epidemic?, the authors and researchers discuss clinical psychology and its effectiveness when dealing with addiction. Clinical psychologists have always had an interest in addiction and its treatments. 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Well it all dates back to when we were just infants. As we grow older we constantly learn from what we see and feel. As babies, we connect with our caregivers in a way we sense what they sense that can shape us as we develop. Let’s use the Kaufman family for example (question two). Mrs. Kaufman spends a lot of time stroking, cuddling, and rockingRead MoreAbnormal Psychology: Abuse, Addiction, Disorders1880 Words   |  8 PagesPsychological Disorder Analysis ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY: ABUSE, ADDICTION, amp; DISORDERS Psy 270 Jalisa Cooper February 4, 2012 Final paper Psychological Disorder Analysis Psychological disorders can be very debilitating for those who suffer from them. Psychological disorders affect a person’s ability to function normally in their daily lives. In regards to the case study of Nicole the patient Nicole is a 40-year-old Hispanic female who comes to the mental health clinical complainingRead MoreThe Effects Of Gaming On The Lives Of Young People Essay861 Words   |  4 Pagessociety’s understanding of human psychology grows, the label of addiction has been more readily applied to things that are not traditionally thought of when discussing this type of illness. According to Mark Griffiths, a â€Å"Chartered Psychologist and Director of the International Gaming Research Unit† (https://www.ntu.ac.uk/apps/staff_profiles/staff_directory/125054-0/26/mark_griffiths.aspx) at Nottingham Trent University, and Mark Davies, the dean of the school of psychology at the University of East LondonRead MoreThe Development And Assessment Of A Major Public Health Problem1529 Words   |  7 PagesDescribe the development and assessment of a proposed intervention for a major public health problem, including how best to evaluate its effectiveness. Addiction is the term used when a person takes part in an activity, or ingests a substance that gives them pleasure, but then the continuous use of it becomes compulsive and starts interfering with their everyday life. The behaviour of an addict can easily be recognised as it represents confusing human activity. (Shaffer, 1996). These behaviours canRead MoreAddiction Relapse : Prevention, Causes, And Recovering When It Occurs850 Words   |  4 Pages Addiction Relapse: Prevention, Causes, and Recovering when it occurs Ashley Kotowski Wayne State University CED 6720 Addiction Relapse: Prevention, Causes, and Recovering when it occurs Defining relapse can be difficult. Often times, different disciplines define it by differing characteristics. Brandon, Vidrine, Litvin (2007) used a definition for behavioral researchers from Hunt et al., 1971 because it still rings true today. Behavioralist often define relapse as returningRead MoreInternet Addiction, Excessive Usage, And Gratification1419 Words   |  6 PagesNisaa Kirtman PSY 7102, Week 4 Internet addiction, excessive usage, and gratification: A review of two articles The growth of the internet and internet-dependency has become some of the many facets in people?s day-to-day lives. Smartphones, radio, the television, newspapers, and magazines are flooded with news and non-stop information that some may not classify as ?news? (e.g., celebrity gossip, etc.). It seems that the prevalence of the internet are indicators of a nation, communities, organizationsRead MoreExploring The Potential For Addiction1543 Words   |  7 Pagesable to continue the game indefinitely via expansions and new content being added. A pilot study by Hussain and Griffiths (2009) set out to explore the potential for addiction to an MMORPG, within its psychological and psychosocial effects on players. Generally, studies of MMORPGs have not had a specific focus on addiction or the psychology of on-line gaming (as cited in Hussain Griffiths, 2009). At the time of their study, it was estimated that there were five million online gamers worldwide (as

Friday, December 20, 2019

Fecal Transplants The Future Medical Medicine - 1301 Words

ENG 201, Assignment 2, Draft 2 Brandt Christopherson October 13, 2014 Fecal Transplants: The Future in Medical Treatments Infectious bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics, more today than ever before. Antibiotics also kill off many of the good bacteria in our gut, and can complicating health problems. Disease often comes back in those that are elderly or have a suppressed immune system. And treatment with antibiotics can take weeks to be effective. Doctors fear antibiotics will become obsolete as an effective cure for disease within decades (Bakken). What if there was a far easier, safer, quicker, and inexpensive treatment is available? Fecal transplants are that answer. Organ transplants have been successful ways of saving lives in modern society, today a whole new type of transplants are beginning and will change the way we look at medicine – fecal transplants. Fecal transplants, technically Fecal Microbiota Transplants (FMT), as defined by the Fecal Transplant Foundation, is a procedure in which fecal matter is collected from a test donor and placed in a patient by colonoscopy, or enema replacing the bad bacteria with a batch of good bacteria and jump-start a patient’s gut back to good health. Since bacteria have been discovered, we have been developing antibiotics to kill them. The study of beneficial bacteria however, has only taken shape over the past few years (Lim). Right now, inside your gut there are over 100 trillion bacteria and microorganisms thatShow MoreRelatedEnvironments That Support Healthy Choices Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pagesoption. A medical advisor should always be notified when decisions are being made regarding different approaches to losing weight. Over the last decade, scientific interest in our gut bacteria, our feces, which are roughly 40% microbe has expanded, and there’s evidence the bacteria populations that exist within us play an important role in both our physical and psychological well–being (Fortune). Research is very recent but there was a case documented of a woman who received a fecal transplant from herRead MorePathogram: Chronic Respiratory Failure Essays7624 Words   |  31 Pages Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 340: Critical Care |Assessment |Medical/Nursing Diagnoses |Treatment | |Brief review of the patient |Medical Diagnoses: |Therapeutic Modalities

Thursday, December 12, 2019

The role of Information Systems in managing operations Marriott International Inc. Essay Example For Students

The role of Information Systems in managing operations: Marriott International Inc. Essay The function of Information Systems in pull offing operations: Marriott International Inc. Executive sum-up Marriott International is a planetary cordial reception operator, with belongingss in the US and 60 nine other states and districts. Its operations include the franchising operation Marriott Lodging, which operates or franchises about 3,000 hotels and resorts under trade names such as JW Marriott Hotels, Renaissance and Courtyard. In entire, Marriott operates hotels under 14 different trade names, with four trade names in full-service housing, three in select-service housing, three in extended-stay housing and four in timeshare. This extended adjustment portfolio is combined with a man-made fuel production installation, which Marriott operates as a joint venture. ( Global Market Information Database, 2005 ) Given the broad size and range of Marriott’s operations around the Earth, information systems are critical to the smooth running of Marriott’s hotel operations, therefore this piece will analyze how they have fit into such a diverse portfolio. Contentss Introduction Procedure / Research Findingss / Analysis Decisions and recommendations Mentions Introduction Many concern administrations in today s information age have holistic, wide positions of concern operations, and orient them to suit the different types of single concern units or operations within their portfolio. In the past, companies were comparatively self-contained and information direction was straightforward, but the diverse concern demands of the modern environment, including scheme preparation, procedure definition, merchandise portfolio definition and building, capital equipment ownership, engineering, substructure and operations can no longer be kept on such a tight rein as many companies held them a decennary ago. ( Olson, 2005 ) The manner enterprises manage their operations has been changed, in cardinal ways, by the information age, and these new attacks are applied by corporations to strategically pull off operations and diverse portfolios with virtually every new enterprise, whether it is internal transmutation, where direct control of hazard factors is really high b ut engineering is new ; with spouses, where direct control over hazard factors is shared ; or with other stakeholders where direct control over hazard factors is frequently really low. As such, it is of import that diverse, transnational operators, such as Marriott International, have solid, manageable information systems in topographic point, to better enable them to pull off their diverse operations and investings. As such, this piece aims to utilize assorted beginnings of secondary research to analyze some of the systems Marriott International uses to pull off its hotel and providing operations information across its planetary hotel retentions. Procedure / Research My primary method of research has been to utilize on-line databases, such as EBSCO host, MINTEL and Euromonitor, to happen relevant articles, both on the usage of information systems in concern operations in general, and more specifically on the usage of information systems within Marriott International’s concern theoretical account. One of the chief, and most good known, uses of information systems by Marriott International is its focal point on engineering enterprises to hike the company s gross revenues. In order to carry through this, the company has implemented a elaborate customer-relationship direction bundle from Siebel Systems Inc. , and engaged in a program to upgrade its cardinal reserves, gross and belongings direction systems, leting clients to see and book suites online. ( Rosen, 2001 ) Another, less good cognize and less obvious country where Marriott International uses information systems is across its many in house catering sections. To assistance with this, the company has completed a rollout of the ChefTec formula direction, nutrient costing and stock list system, a Windows-based platform developed by Culinary Software Services Inc. Marriott International corporate executive chef Peter DAndrea expressed enthusiasm with the new system and discussed the operator s old bill of fare direction procedure. ( Nation s Restaurant News, 1999 ) For illustration, the system means that formulas can be converted automatically from domestic, to metric graduated tables, to imperial sums in the United Kingdom, where Marriott has many belongingss. The operator besides has versions of package in several linguistic communications, including English, Spanish and German, and is working on one in Mandarin Chinese. Marriott besides added its ain glossary of culinary footings, optimal cookery times for off-used nutrients and a year-around planning characteristic, which helps chefs with seasonal bill of fares ; for illustration it informs them that March is the peak month for Asparagus officinales. Denver-based Culinary Software Services besides worked closely with Marriott to cull about 2,500 of its formulas and 500 images and retroflex them onto CD-ROMs, which were be distributed to more than 400 of Marriott s full-service hotels in the United States and abroad. ( Nation s Restaurant News, 1999 ) Taking advantage of ChefTec s nucleus an d advanced characteristics, Marriott International besides will be able to make the followers: form stock lists based on commands from multiple sellers ; hunt for formulas by ingredients, classs and names ; attach exposure and picture files to formulas ; and salvage formulas in the hypertext markup linguistic communication, which will let chefs to administer them over the Internet. William Shakespeare's play, Macbeth, reveals the a EssayAnother monolithic impact of information systems on Marriotts concern is the impact of supplying ‘free-to-guest’ internet entree engineering on the hoteliers’ gross. When this engineering foremost came on the scene, hotelkeepers saw it as an chance for gross coevals, nevertheless as clip progressed, it became a necessity for invitees, every bit good as portion of the scheme to make exceeding value. For case, at Marriott International Inc. s Courtyard and SpringHill Suites trade names, invitees are taking advantage of the high-velocity Internet entree service for more than merely electronic-mail. They are accessing digital music and other types of digital content, and Marriott is presently responsible for the costs of this. ( Shaw, 2005 ) However, as dependable, free to guest internet entree becomes more and more of a demand for invitees, Marriott is being forced to construct these costs into its concern the oretical account, and therefore is able to take a more holistic attack to client information engineering and systems across its concern. This enables Marriott to derive supply concatenation purchase in this country, therefore cut downing the costs of information systems and Internet entree across the group as a whole. Decisions and recommendations By alining the IT scheme with the concern scheme over the past three old ages, Marriott s senior direction has grown to see engineering as an investing instead than an disbursal. The construct of delegating a concern lead and an IT lead to all major undertakings that are technology-enabled starts at the executive degree ( Computerworld, 2001 ) , and executive decision-making meetings, such as Marriott s Business Strategy Review, e-Business Council and Digital Business Strategy, are all cross-functional and co-led. As a consequence, IT better understands and supports Marriott s concern scheme, and concern executives have a much better apprehension of what engineering can and ca nt make. This provides Marriott with a sustainable competitory advantage. CIO Magazine named Marriott International to its Top 100 list for the 5th clip. Marriott is the lone hotel on the list, which recognizes organisations for excellence in information engineering. ( Lodging Hospitality, 2004 ) Marriott’s presence on this list clearly demonstrates the company’s committedness to developing its information systems, and utilizing them to back up its concern. Given that Marriott’s gross grew by 44 % between 1999 and 2004, and net incomes grew by 49 % over the same period ( Global Market Information Database, 2005 ) at the clip of the company’s latest investings in information systems, it is clear from this that information systems are critical to the smooth running of a major transnational hotel operation and, so, this provides grounds that information systems are critical for any major concern operation. Besides, in order to farther growing, Marriott is likely to concentrate strongly on international enlargement, which is importa nt, as Marriott’s portfolio is presently extremely reliant on US hotel gross revenues. As a consequence, Marriott must concentrate on developing the velocity and truth of its information systems to ease this growing, and remain in its current, market leading, place. Mentions Computerworld ( 2001 ) In their ain voices. Vol. 35, Issue 13, p. 42. Global Market Information Database ( 2005 )Marriott International Inc.Euromonitor International. Hamstra, M. ( 1997 )Marriott finds no cookie-cutter solutions for engineering.State s Restaurant News ; Vol. 31, Issue 10, p. 110. Lodging Hospitality. ( 2004 )Tech Bytes.Vol. 60, Issue 13, p. 54. State s Restaurant News ( 1999 )Marriott International s ChefTec makes formula registering a ‘snap’ .Vol. 33, Issue 20, p. 86. Olson, E. G. ( 2005 )Strategically pull offing hazard in the information age: a holistic attack.Journal of Business Strategy ; Vol. 26, Issue 6, p. 45. Rosen, C. ( 2001 )Marriott Uses CRM Application To Hike Gross saless.InformationWeek ; Issue 843, p. 73. Shaw, R. ( 2005 )Free-to-guest services migrate from gross watercourses.Hotel A ; Motel Management ; Vol. 220, Issue 18, p. 26.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Business Law International Concession Superstore

Question: Describe about the Business Law for International Concession Superstore. Answer: Introduction ALDI has been a top international concession superstore chain with approximately 10,000 stores in 18 countries, and have an predictable earnings of more than 50 billion. It has been based in Germany, although the chain was originated by the brothers Kari and Theo Albrecht in 1946 when they took over their mothers store in Essen which had been in existence since 1913. It has been measured as one of the worlds largest personally owned corporations (ALDI, 2016). Being the nations low cost grocery head, the store model was built on generating efficiencies at every level from store building, to allocation, to the particular goods that they stock. Business laws and its applicability on the Organization Business law includes several regulations which have been levied on different business organizations institutions like, agency employment law, contract law, copyright, etc. The Corporation has been a business organization that works in the field of retailing and thus in this situation the major regulations would be based on selling and purchasing of the products that the organization proposes to sell to its consumers. Some of the applicable laws which would be levied on the organization being a supplier were: Consumer Guarantees Act The Consumer guarantees Act grants an individual a privilege if the goods they purchase or were supplied by a trade were defective and do not meet any of the guarantees which were provided under the Act (Consumer Protection, 2016). In addition to these privileges, consumers may also assert for any sensibly predictable additional loss that fallout from the original difficulty (Consumer, 2016). Fair Trading Act The Fair Trading Act encourages precise customer data before the consumer purchases the good and avail the services and product security, amongst other aims. It pertains to all the trades, professions and undertakings (Consumer, 2016). The Act safeguards the consumer against being misleaded or treated in an unreasonable way by the traders or shops and it also restricts the ambiguous and unreliable behavior, unsupported assertion, forged demonstration and some unjust performances. Weights and Measures Act According to the Act the business corporations should not offer less value of the goods to the consumers than what they remunerated for. Doing so would then make the business organization be lawfully liable. Therefore, a consumer has the liberty of having a check on the weight and measurement of the products which have been purchased by them (Government of South Australia, 2016). Due Diligence Due Diligence has been defined as the procedure which grants the consumer with a comprehensive impending into their own attainment aim (Queensland Government, 2016). Also, when an individual purchases an recognized business it would be imperative that the individual i.e. the potential owner of the trade would scrutinize the business in depth. This process would be stated as Due Diligence (William Buck, 2016). The process includes conducting an inquiry into the profitable, monetary and assessment associations of the aim. It centers on the areas which were recognized as being of a chief implication to the consumer. Accomplishing due diligence would be a finest way for an individual to review the worth of a trade and the dangers associated with purchasing it. It grants an individual a privilege to access to the major and secret data about the business, often within a time period mentioned in a letter of objective. Applicability of Other laws There have been various lawful issues in the corporation but the most appropriate ones include the intellectual property laws, Australia business and environment laws and Australian export and import laws. Due Diligence was also appropriate in the business circumstances where there was a purchase and sale of products and dealings involving partnerships, merger and acquisition of cooperate businesses. The corporation should also pursue the Australian laws and regulations in order to function its business in efficient and appropriate manner. Intellectual Property law safeguards the businesses and encourages innovation in order to advance aggressive benefit in the marketplace. It also comprises of the procedures which should be followed for trademark and patents (Aldi, 2016). The patent Act guarantees safeguard and lawful privileges in order to restrict third party to utilize it. Copyright law was intended to safeguard and persuade corporation that endow in their talent and time in creating goods. The prcised laws should be followed by the corporation with some competition regulations which guarantees fair trading for its consumers. Australian Consumer law which provides selling safe products to the consumers. The Corporation should also produce goods as per the laws and regulations in order to control the action of the corporation. Legal issues identified In the previous assignment as already mentioned there were two legal issues which were preferred. The first issue was the act in association with the copyright issues which the corporation endured due to its brand campaign, and the other issue was that the corporation was suspected to have violated its obligation which was associated with partnership (Derose, and Tichy, 2013). ALDI threatened by copyright issues related to brand campaign In 2016, the corporation experienced a huge dispute as it faced disapproval for violating copyright of others. Therefore, the corporation came to an arrest for a period of more than 6 years. As per the inquest which was performed there were very many products of the corporation has same brand spots. The corporation was alleged of violating copyright of the other brands as it hosted a campaign as Like Brands Only Cheaper which was comparable to the brands which were there in Australia. As per the Intellectual Property Law, an ad that has similar depiction of some other brands in terms of sign, plan or protective material would be held as copyright violation. Thus, many regulatory authorities held that the organization was accountable for violating the copyright defense of other brands. The organization was held liable for primarily three products. Such as Reckitt Benckiser stable, Lindt Chocolate, and Banana Boat sun cream. Infringement of Partnership Liability The organization has more than 30 stores in Australia and five centers in NSW, Queensland and Victoria. It was predictable from each store to at least make a proceed of 10 million dollars per year. This does not contain the non food accounting estimate. Though the corporation was known for its brand value, character and conviction, yet the corporation was condemned over the past for extending its partnership liability. Initially, the organization was recorded as a trade corporation which was having constrained liability in partnership. The restriction was imposed on the action of the organization for having 3400 limited partnerships with the Australian Business Number. However, no proper data was obtainable from the corporate regulator. Furthermore, many researchers also saw the partnership structure as unequal. Thus, for this reason there was a high level of likelihood that the Regulatory Authority asked for enlivening the corporate veil of the corporation in order to understand its business procedures in a better way. Conclusion and Recommendations It has been concluded that as the organization has faced frequent lawful proceedings from time to time as per the investigations which were performed at the demand of the governmental institutions. It was seen that the organization had been subject to lawful inquires as and when mandatory. But after these acts which have been established against the organization in the past but now the corporation endeavor to abide by all the ethical standards and regulations that were enclosed in the Australian law for amending the acts and working of the trade. Presently, the corporation aims at humanizing their character by paying off more concentration for abiding the rules that were allied with the functioning of an organization. The organization puts its center on its work which it would do in order to recover their honesty, sustainability, act, liability, and deference. The corporations made various changes and have enhanced its past mistakes which it has done and now puts a centre on diversification and abiding by the ethical rules and standards. It has been recommended that the organization should become more defensive and vigilant about what the corporation should do and should not do, as it has done various errors because of which it faced lawful proceedings. The corporation should abide by the laws which have been prevalent on every organization while it has registered under the Australian Corporation Act 2001. The corporation should comply with all the laws which an organization should conform with and should not indulge in any act which has been outside the applicable laws if the acts. Although, the lawful issues which the corporation faced have opened a way for many opportunities for the corporation, such as the corporations has become proactive in its actions and now would enter into acts keeping in mind the consequence of doing it. It also has made new rule and now follow regulations which it lacked to follow earlier so that it can grow in future. The corporation would now have to start making kits reputation form the start as it has lost its reputation by having a legal action against it by which it would lack in getting and attracting more consumer in future. Although it would reduce the share price in the market but the corporation would keep in mind the past happenings and would not repeat the same in the future. References: Aldi. (2016). ALDI: U.S. Terms of Use. Retrieved on 6th October2016 from: https://www.aldi.us/en/terms-of-use/ ALDI.(2016). About ALDI. Retrieved on 6th October2016 from: https://aldiuscareers.com/about-aldi/ Consumer Protection. (2016). Fair Trading Act. Retrieved on 6th October2016 from: https://www.consumerprotection.govt.nz/consumer-law-and-your-rights/fair-trading-act/ Consumer Protection.(2016). Consumer Guarantees for products. Retrieved on 6th October2016 from: https://www.consumerprotection.govt.nz/consumer-law-and-your-rights/consumer-guarantees-act/consumer-guarantees-for-products/ Consumer. (2016). Consumer Guarantees Act. Retrieved on 6th October2016 from: https://www.consumer.org.nz/articles/consumer-guarantees-act Consumer. (2016). Fair Trading Act. Retrieved on 6th October2016 from: https://www.consumer.org.nz/articles/fair-trading-act Derose, C., and Tichy, N. (2013). Why Aldi is giving Walmart A run for its money. Retrieved on 6th October2016 from: https://aldiuscareers.com/docs/aldi-forbes-august-2013.pdf Government of South Australia. (2016). Buying goods by weight or measure. Retrieved on 6th October2016 from: https://www.sa.gov.au/topics/citizens-and-your-rights/consumer-rights/weights-measures Queensland Government. (2016). Conducting due diligence. Retrieved on 6th October2016 from: https://www.business.qld.gov.au/business/starting/business-startup-options/buying-a-business/conducting-due-dilligence William Buck.(2016). Due Diligence. Retrieved on 6th October2016 from: https://www.williambuck.com/Services/Corporate-Advisory/Due-Diligence

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Urease Essay Example For Students

Urease Essay An experiment to determine the amount of urea in a specimen of urine. Introduction. Metabolism produces a number of toxic by-products, particularly the nitrogenous wastes that result from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids. Amino (NH2)groups are the result of such metabolic reactions and can be toxic if ammonia (NH3) is formed from them. Ammonia tends to raise the pH of bodily fluids and interfere with membrane transport functions. To avoid this the amino groups are converted into urea, which is less toxic and can be transported and stored to be released by the excretory system. Urea is the result of two amino groups being joined to a carbonyl (C=O) to form CO(NH2)2, the process of which is called the ornithine cycle and takes place in the liver. The ornithine cycle was developed by Hans Krebs in 1932 and is similar to the Krebs cycle through the use of oxaloacetate. One of the steps in the cycle the breakdown of arginine into ornithine and urea, a reaction catalysed by the enzyme arginase. (See below) (Fig 1.0) Arginine Orthinine UreaUrease is the enzyme w hich catalyses the hydrolysis of urea according to the following equation:(NH2)2CO(aq) + 3H2O(l) #61614; CO2(g) + 2NH3(g)The acidic ammonium carbonate is formed because the carbon dioxide dissolves in water to produce carbonic acid (H2CO3), which immediately reacts with ammonia to form the ammonium carbonate. This is shown by the following equation:2NH3(g) + H2CO3(aq) #61614; (NH4+)2CO3(aq)The resulting solution can then be titrated against hydrochloric acid with methyl orange as the indicator in order to determine how much urea was present initially. We will write a custom essay on Urease specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The point of neutralisation using a methyl orange indicator is determined using the following colour changes. #61623; Acid #61614; Red. #61623; Neutral #61614; Yellow. #61623; Alkali #61614; Orange. Enzymes are nearly all made up of globular proteins. The structure of enzymes can be divided into three categories:1. The primary structure, which is the sequence of amino acids. 2. The secondary structure, which is the coiling of the protein into an alpha helix3. The tertiary structure, which is the 3D shape into which the protein is folded. This shape gives the enzyme its properties and specificity. The shape is held together by ionic bonds, disulphide bridges and the weaker hydrogen bonds. Method. Six urea solutions were prepared an placed in conical flasks one of which was of unknown concentration. The flasks were sealed to prevent CO2 and NH3 gases from escaping and then placed in a water bath at 35oC for 1 hour. The temperature was kept at 35oC as each enzyme has an optimum temperature at which it works best, so it was important that the temperature remained constant for the duration of the reaction. After 1 hour all the flasks were removed. A burette was washed first with distilled water to remove any impurities. Then with HCl to prevent the acid from being neutralised by the remaining water, as this would increase the pH of the acid and give a less accurate titre. It will also remove any impurities not dealt with by the water. The burette was then carefully filled to the top with HCl. A 10cm3 pippet was used to place portions of the urea solution into a beaker, into which a few drops of methyl orange were placed to act as an indicator. The beaker was arranged on top of a white tile so that the end-point of the titration could be determined more accurately. At the start of the titration the solution was yellow and at the end-point it turned red. This process was repeated for each solution, and the volume needed to completely neutralise 10cm3. Each time the procedure was repeated 3 times and the average titre would be calculated. Results. .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba , .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba .postImageUrl , .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba , .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba:hover , .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba:visited , .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba:active { border:0!important; } .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba:active , .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7f4787e74cff4f2d1e16bd75600e38ba:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Willy Russell uses Liverpool Essay(Fig 2.0)Concentration of urea (g/100cm3)Volumes of 0.1M HCl Required (cm3) Mean volume of 0.1M HCl required (cm3) (1dp)0.329.2, 9.3, 9.39.30.4810.9, 11.0, 10.910.91.013.1, 13.5, 13.613.42.015.3, 15.2, 15.715.44.018.8, 18.4, 18.518.6Unknown11.4, 11.0, 11.111.2Discussion. My average titre for the unknown sample was 11.2cm3. When I applied this to the graph I found the concentration of urea to be 0.58g/100 cm3. Figure 2.2 clearly shows that as the concentration of urea increases, the volume of HCl required for neutralisation also increases. This is to be expected as there are more moles of urea being hydrolysed, which would mean more HCl would be required. However the curve definitely indicates that the rate of increase decreases as the amount of urea present initially rises. This means that the concentration of urea is not directly proportional to the amount of ammonium carbonate produced, as the equations shown earlier suggested. This leads me to believe that it is the activity of the enzyme, which has caused this result. It may be due to availability of the active site on the enzyme, i.e. because the Urease causes the release of CO2, which dissolves in the water forming carbonic acid. This in turn reacts with ammonia forming ammonium carbonate, which is then titrated with HCl. So the availability of the active site would dictate how much ammonium carbonate would be produced, and hence the volume of HCl required to neutralise it. In which case I would expect to see the graph level off if solutions of greater concentration were used. Temperature could not have been a factor as this was kept constant through the use of a water bath at 35oC. The pH is a likely factor as throughout the reaction there are acids being produced. The precise 3-dimensional shape of the enzyme is partly the result of hydrogen bonding. However these bonds may be broken by the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) which are present when acids are in solution. The CO2 being produced formed carbonic acid, which then went on to form ammonium carbonate. Both of which are relatively weak acids, however it need not be strong to affect the enzyme as pH is a logarithmic scale and a change of one pH point represents a tenfold change in the H+ concentration. By breaking the hydrogen bonds, which give shape to the enzyme, any pH change can effectively denature it. Every enzyme has an optimum pH at which it functions at its best and in this case the enzyme is likely to have been affected by the change in pH that occurred. The enzyme Urease has fallen victim to what could either be toxic accumulation, or a kind of feedback inhibition, which resulted from its own waste products. Limitations. As described the fact that the pH changed during the course as a result of the products formed, could have affected the activity of the enzyme. If I were to repeat the experiment I would try using a buffer solution to overcome this problem. The time could have been a factor as the enzyme may not have had sufficient time to catalyse the reactions. Again if I were to repeat the experiment I would leave the reaction for 2 or more hours. Judging the end-point with the naked eye is not sufficiently accurate and human error is more than likely, especially when the colour change is so gradual. The best way to overcome this in future investigations would be to use a colorimeter. This would give more accurate titration readings. Biological significance. When patients undergo pregnancy and other urine tests they are asked for an early morning sample. This is because no water has been drunk for a very long time and a great deal of reabsorbtion has occurred in the kidneys. This is due to an increase in ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion from the pituitary gland. Such reabsorbtion has caused the urine to be more concentrated with urea than normal. During the day water will taken in so the reabsorbtion of water in the kidneys will be unnecessary. This will result in a decrease in the concentration of urea during the day. .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb , .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb .postImageUrl , .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb , .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb:hover , .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb:visited , .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb:active { border:0!important; } .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb:active , .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u13fb05da137102bc250c4df07f58febb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gypsies EssayUrease can also be used by plants, which take in urea from the soil and obtain the nitrogen from its decomposition to CO2 and NH3. The plant then uses this tomake nucleic acids or amino acids.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Socialist Realism in Chapayev and The Circus essays

Socialist Realism in Chapayev and The Circus essays A film had to have several key components in order to be considered as upholding the doctrine of Socialist Realism. Films had to be accessible to the masses; simple, clear and understandable. Items such as flashbacks or irony were not used out of fear of the general populous misconstruing an intended concept or ideal. The film also had to include Revolutionary Romanticism, showing the world not necessarily as it was but what it should or will be. This romanticism helped the masses to look forward to the future in envisioning the communist utopia. Also important were the components of realism and plot. The film had to represent people in a socio-historic context and had to depict a reality that audiences could feel familiar with and would recognize. Certain plots became highly desirable especially a coming to consciousness plot. Often a simple hero or heroine, who was dealing with a problem, would be guided by a party representative. This party representative would help the hero or heroine come to understand the rightness of the Soviet system. Chapayev was a model of Social Realism. Its plot was chronologically clear, easy to understand and left no room for misinterpretation of any ideological norms. Chapayev had several components of realism. It was based on an actual historic hero and the story was drawn from the actual writings of Commissar Furmanov. Scenes such as when the troops become tired of fighting and start to yearn for home also express components of realism. Revolutionary Romanticism is shown through Chapayevs conversation with Petka and Anya about the future, where by he tells them how happy they will be once they have the opportunity to get married and settle down together. Finally, Chapayev also upholds the master plot ideal. Chapayev, the peasant, is guided and molded by the educated party representative, Commissar Furmanov. Furmanov helps to shape Chapayev through a ser...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

See Below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

See Below - Essay Example Criminals can come from any social and economic strata of society. A petty street thug and even a depraved corporate executive can commit any crime against his or her fellow citizen. Crimes of varying degrees are done with utter impunity against helpless innocent people. One must ask where is the law in all this? What happened to the safeguards and the legal forces meant to protect the citizens of society? Sure there are the police force and other law enforcement agencies that are meant to track down and arrest criminals, but they can only apprehend and imprison such problematic characters. It can also be said that the laws of the land wish to spare the lives of those who would brutally and callously destroy the lives of others. Since criminals destroy countless lives and livelihood, why should they be spared from the death penalty? Support for the Death Penalty Before going through the reasons for the death penalty, it should be taken into consideration on how the psychology of deat h plays a great deal here. It can be said that the average human being is very attached to life, and will generally value his or her own survival above all else. In the face of death, a person will do whatever it takes to stay alive. Between two dilemmas that would avoid death, most human beings would choose either the simplistic solution or the one that can be negotiated. However, this attachment to life hides one of the strongest natural fears of any sentient living organism, which is the fear of death. People are generally afraid to die. It is in the natural psychology of every sentient organism that survival means the avoidance of death or destruction. A human being is even more aware of the fear of death among any other creature in this planet due to the mental ability to rationalize, imagine and have a complex degree of emotions and sentiment. Adding to the fact that human beings developed culture and beliefs that have ties towards the fear of death, a criminal may no less be afraid of death as much as the innocent bystander. A criminal who faces imminent death would experience the same drive to survive as any other normal human being. In understanding that psychology around death, it could be put into perspective that the death penalty would be a very pragmatic and useful means to lessen crime. One could consider it as a strong form of deterrent against active and possible criminals. It would act as both a message and a weapon against criminal acts, and would also be a sign to the citizens that there are active measures being done to ensure public safety, peace and order. Many important people, and some civilizations, in human history saw the practical value of the death penalty. To maintain a peaceful society, it is sometimes considered useful to bring about the fear of death amongst the whole population. Although the idea of using fear could be seen as a questionable course of action, the results would more or less bring the realization of justice and security to society. The use of the death penalty was deemed necessary by many political thinkers and national leaders to make sure that everyone in society does not make cause harm to one another. A very ancient example would be the application of Hammurabi’s Code in the Babylonian civilization. Created by the sixth king of the Babylonian empire named Hammurabi, the Hammurabi Code are a set of laws

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Analyzing and contrasting data mining based network intrusion Thesis

Analyzing and contrasting data mining based network intrusion detection - Thesis Example In this age of the Information Revolution, there are obvious advantages that can be reaped from the vast and ever growing Internet Community of the web: 24/7 connectivity; robust e-commerce that simplified business transactions and operations; erasure of geographical separation and distance; and access to a multitude of modern means of communications. Yet, as the benefits derived from being part of the Internet community are numerous to mention, one resounding concern that pervades this virtual world is security. Most, if not all, entities that are part of the Internet world are on their toes, keeping an eye on their own virtual space on the Internet. Security is an important word in the Internet today. There are many people actively involved in developing attack software and are ready to attack anyone and any site that has a vulnerability in its network security setup. As defenses are developed, the attack software is modified to adapt to those defenses and launch even more deadly attacks. These attacks not only stop people from using their computer systems but some are also designed to damage the target computers or the data that they store. Since many e-commerce companies and enterprises depend on the Internet for their survival, it is not a surprise that there is an interest in finding different way to protect one’s network.... s age of the Information Revolution, there are obvious advantages that can be reaped from the vast and ever growing Internet Community of the web: 24/7 connectivity; robust e-commerce that simplified business transactions and operations; erasure of geographical separation and distance; and access to a multitude of modern means of communications. Yet, as the benefits derived from being part of the Internet community are numerous to mention, one resounding concern that pervades this virtual world is security. Most, if not all, entities that are part of the Internet world are on their toes, keeping an eye on their own virtual space on the Internet. Security is an important word in the Internet today. There are many people actively involved in developing attack software and are ready to attack anyone and any site that has a vulnerability in its network security setup. As defenses are developed, the attack software is modified to adapt to those defenses and launch even more deadly attacks . These attacks not only stop people from using their computer systems but some are also designed to damage the target computers or the data that they store. Since many e-commerce companies and enterprises depend on the Internet for their survival, it is not a surprise that there is an interest in finding different way to protect one’s network. Over the past couple of decades, techniques to secure network through latest technology have gained an importance and have proven to be a necessity to any entity maintaining a network. The need for security has spawned in the design of firewalls, cryptography, authentication and many different intrusion detection systems. Among these security tools, network intrusion detection systems hold the potential to become a tool against computer crime. An

Monday, November 18, 2019

Planning For Wealth, Retirement and the Great Beyond Case Study

Planning For Wealth, Retirement and the Great Beyond - Case Study Example as specified in the case study of the family is inclusive of the registered retirement savings plan of 650,000 dollars as well as the 150,000 dollars that are unused in the registered retirement savings plan. The market value of the home is estimated to be 900,000 dollars .the value is considered to inflate in the future (Roseman 2002). The investment advisor is expected to help in working out a realistic plan that will enable achievement of the goals pertaining to the long term investments. The realization now is that it will be hard to rely on the Old Age Security or the Canada Pension Plan or the employers Pension Plan to meet the expenses that emerge after the retirement. With that in mind, the time to build an investment portfolio that will help manage and support the life after retirement would be now. Having a trust company is a benefit especially when the company is the executor or the trustee (Currie, Chambers, and Brown 2001). When determining the personal asset, a variety of assets may be considered. For instance in the case presented, the family owns a home that is valued at 900,000dollars that is expected to inflate, they also own investments ranging from the real to non real that are worth a lot of money. The spouse also has an investment that will pay later. The expense that incurred includes the 90,000 dollars annual expenses and the mortgage that will be paid for the next eight years. The investment totals to 2.205 million dollars (Currie, Chambers, and Brown 2001). Having acquired the investment portfolio required, the projections for future income can hence be formulated. For instance, the sources of income after the retirement include the pension plan from the employer. Out of the salary paid, the contribution to the pension plan will be 6 percent... The case presented represents the family of a mature family. The priorities and needs of such a family have changed. This is evidenced by maturity of the children where two of them are in their twenties and have already been employed and the last one is in adolescent, due to Finish University in three years. The issue of guardian ship is not there. This stage is also marked by peak earnings years and accumulation of many considerable assets. This part requires assessing of the financial status, the personal and life goals and needs and also assessing the priorities of life now. This report makes a conclusion that life on earth is not guaranteed. Therefore, once one has died, there is the need for the estate to be managed and the property taken care of. This is the sole purpose of the will. The checklist needed in ascertaining a will includes preparation and signing of the power of attorney for the financial affairs and running of the real estate. According to Gray& budd one needs to ascertain whether the will and the power of attorney are up to date. One needs to take steps to ensure protection of the assets bought in the relationship. The will also entails naming the beneficiaries and the alternate beneficiaries of the registered retirement savings pan, the life insurance policies, the pension plans and RRIFs. These should always be up to date. The will also entails the backup executor and the back up power of attorney. All the dependants should be well provided for.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Attractions And Culture Of Southall Cultural Studies Essay

Attractions And Culture Of Southall Cultural Studies Essay I have selected Southall as my case study. It is situated in London borough of Ealing, near Heathrow airport. It is well connected with major London stations via London over ground rail service. Southall is an area where more than 50% of population is from India and Pakistan or other Asian communities and it is commonly called as little India among the local people. This is a perfect example of diverse cultures, where local community from different religions and cultures live together. Some of the major attractions it offer to the visitors such as Southall Broadway, which is the main shopping street, where almost every range of products from Asian community can be found very easily. Variety of restaurants with multi- cuisines; magnetically attracts visitors, as original Indian curries and country taste is the speciality. Visitors can feel the colourful culture of Asia in very first visit to Southall. Many Gurudwaras (Religious temples of Sikh community) are located here and they attract many visitors from different parts of London and local people as well. One of Gurudwara named Sri Guru Singh Sabha (Largest Sikh temple situated outside India) called proud of Southall. Not only Gurudwaras but many Hindu temples, churches and mosques are also situated here and this whole atmosphere gives impression of a multi-religion community. During many festivals Southall has its own charm. As India is a country of festivals and colours, multiple religions have their own ideas of celebrations and Punjabi culture is the most famous and celebrating among all. Diwali, Holi, Dussera, Vaisakhi, Guru-Purab etc. are some of the celebration days. In Southall people celebrate these days similarly Christmas or New Year eve. There are hundreds of videos and pictures available online to get a feel of atmosphere around these special days. This place is famous among all Punjabi peoples around the globe due to its exceptionality. Many Hindi, Punjabi movies and various folk music artists has contributed much for this hype. While my own personal visits, I can rarely see English faces. Usually shopkeepers deals in their native language Punjabi. Influence of Punjabi in this area can be judged from Southall over ground station where English and Punjabi signposts are installed for convenience to locals. Picture below is of one of the signposts installed outside Southall over ground train station: Courtesy: www.thelangarhall.comwp-contentuploads200808SouthallLRsign.jpg No doubt about the diversified culture and landmarks located in Southall; still there is some lacking in its touristic popularity among non-Asian visitors. While this place has many attractions and interests, some techniques and marketing theories can be used to make it a well established destination. Through this case study and my personal observation, I would like to present some arguments regarding the limited popularity and suggestions for creativeness of this potential tourist destination (which can be a major attraction for all types of London visitors in coming future; if worked wisely upon market strategies). Also I would like to present market segmentation and market research tools for the future prospects of this place. Required parameters, appropriate communication mix and distribution channels are mentioned in the later part of this study. Distinctiveness, Segmentation, Target Market, Market Research Southall is unique and several benefits it can offer to the visitors. Little India would be used to provide various attractions to communities not only Asians but from other race as well. I want to provide you a glimpse of varieties and cultural experiences, which Southall is offering to current visitors and tourists: Distinctiveness: Southall became a residential community area in early 50s when the primary group of Asians arrived here, who was recruited to work in a local factory which was owned by an ex-British Indian Army officer. These South Asian inhabitants grew rapidly, due to the convenience of employment opportunities. Today Southall has a lot to offer to its people, I am providing few distinctive characteristics of this place which make it exceptional in terms of visitors experience: Religious Places: There are ten Sikh Gurdwaras in Southall, one of these Gurdwaras Sri Guru Singh Sabha (opened in 2003) is one of the biggest Sikh temples outside India as I have mentioned earlier in introduction part. There are two large Hindu temples, the Vishnu Hindu temple on Lady Margaret Road and the Ram temple in Old Southall. Number of churches like Roman Catholic, Methodist Anglican, Baptist etc. and three Muslim community mosques, one located on Southall Broadway and other located in Old Southall. These places provide a multi-cultural and religiously divine experience together at one destination. Shopping and Food: Main road in Southall is called the Broadway. Southall has major Asian shopping centre in London. Southall is also the site of the famous Glassy Junction public house, which serve a number of Indian draught beers and interesting fact to mention that it gives facility to accept payment in Indian currency. Southall has many famous restaurants e.g. Mirch Masala, Giftos Madhus, Chaudhrys TKC, TKC are well-known for the Chaudhrys Tiara which has a unique Pakistani bus for their business marketing. A large gas tower is also located in Southall, which is a well known landmark and visible from a long distance. Southall has its own local football club named as Southall F.C. and has a long history, having been formed more than hundred years ago. Courtesy: http://www.visitsouthall.co.uk/Local_Info/southall_tourist_map.php (Mentioned map give an idea of the famous landmark locations of Southall and visible that a diverse range of option is available to enjoy and experience here) Music and Films: Media played a well versed role for the popularity of Southall, Many Indo-British movies were setup here as shooting and script locations; some of them are Hindi film Jhoom Barabar Jhoom, internationally applauded movies Bend It Like Beckham and Bride and Prejudice. Couple of years back a famous Hindi movie has been made on Southall football club named as Goal. Not only movies but number of Punjabi music videos has been shot here and a lot of famous personalities from Indian cinema and Indian music industry accommodate themselves here. A local community radio station is serving Southall named Westside 89.6 FM and licensed by OfCom towards community-based radio services. Film Studio: One of the earliest British film studios Southall Studios played a historic role in British film-making from its creation in 1924 to its closure in 1959. In 1936 a fire destroyed the studio but it was rebuilt and enlarged. Several movies featuring well-known actors, plus an early TV series (Colonel March of Scotland Yard) were made at the studios together with TV and cinema adverts. (Web resources) Industrial Establishments: During the research, it has been found that there were many persons who made their impact as population of Southall. Otto Monsted, a Danish margarine producer, built a large factory at Southall in 1894. The factory also had its own railway sidings and branch canal. The Maypole Dairy Company was later acquired by Lever Brothers who, as part of the international Unilever Company, changed the site to a Walls Sausages factory which produced sausages and other meat products until the late 1970s. Business Factor: Quaker Oats (later part of Pepsi co) built a factory in Southall in 1936. Which later on taken by Spillers and Big Gear group. Engineering goods, paint, sugar puffs and food process factories are the main business developed here. (Web resources) These were some of the examples from its brief history which made an impact for their large businesses, till this date Southall provide a positive atmosphere for the businesses to grow, one of them is due to availability of the workforce form eastern countries. Mentioned are some of the major sources of attraction and brief historical events related to this place. Southall can simply provide an astonishing experience to the visitors. Diverse range of activities and people; makes it apart from Londons main stream tourism. Southall provides a strong example for Creative Tourism as it offers many valuable and unique experiences to the visitors. Market Segmentation Target Market As we have discussed that Southall provides a religiously enrich experience especially to Hindu and Sikh community and number of visitors are from this market segmentation (Based on special community services). Some visitors are from London region who wants to have a glimpse of Little India due to their special interests or eagerness. Shopping for some Indian items e.g. clothes, food items, entertainment sources, food and grocery products etc. also attract people from around as they are not easily available in other parts of city. Market segmentation is a essential part of any tourism destination study as: Segmentation groups tourists into segments based on similar characteristics. Targeting chooses from among these segments the one or more that are most likely to respond positively to a promotional messageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Kolb, 2006: 103) Target Market and Market Research: Above definition from Kolb describe the need of classification of the different target markets according to their characteristics and I observed from couple of visits about the market segments who comes to this place, mainly they are; Families- Parents with their children for shopping and leisure and to enjoy an atmosphere which relates them to their native hood. Individual Youngsters- who are involve in some part of industries and Southall Broadway (as part of work or to meet friends). Old age people from Asian (Indian Pakistani) ethnicity- for the purpose of their regular or timely visit to religious places. Societies of specialist interests- mainly these societies are from cultural perspectives who visit for their special interests. Shoppers- Mainly females who are interested in Asian ethnic clothing or fashion. Domestic tourists- from Asian ethnicity, who are travelling to UK or London have their interest to visit this famous (among them) place or to meet family or friends or due to publicity created by media (Films and music) These are some of the major categories of visitors who choose Southall as their destination for various reasons as applicable. Doing a market research is necessary due to the vulnerability of tourism and; The more an organisation knows about its customers and prospective customers their needs and desires, their attitudes and behaviour- the better it will be able to design and is required to stimulate their purchasing decisions. (Middleton with Clarke, 2001) Same categories are the perspective Target Markets and it can be enhanced more by implementation of accurate market research and tourism marketing. Further in next part of this case study I would like to present the appropriate communications mix and distribution channels. Which are currently, used for promotions of Southall and to attract visitors. Communications Mix and Distribution Channels I have accessed a few websites available online for information on Southall and for current activities going on here but sad part is; this place is no where suitably accessed in detail on the web, whereas on the other hand I cant find appropriate printed materials (flyers or brochures) as well. This is the key point which strikes my mind that why this place is not so famous in other communities or London visitors and narrowed only to the local communities living here. Present Promotional Materials: I observed that word to mouth is the only active part of promotions happening for this place by local communities and this is the major reason why rest of the people are staying apart to access this unique destination. Why websites are not playing a valuable role. When searched in detail, I found that few websites which are available are not actually attracting any new breed of visitors and not many promotions are available on the air. WEBSITES- Few websites I have mentioned below are the only available sources to get information (which are also not satisfying the requirement of a visitor) and I tried to give a brief synopsis about what information they contain and what is lacking as an appropriate first source of knowledge: http://southallpride.wordpress.com/ This website is more like a blog site, where no information about the place is provided, although this site boasts of a community help provider but it focuses only on the events and news going on in the certain part. I observed about currently ongoing issues in Southall by this site and some of them were interesting e.g. Drug peddling in Southall, Protest from the local residents against councils support regarding excessive number of gambling and drinking places. I believe these types of websites are more informative to the local people or persons with specific interests, but to a tourist. This website can be used as a successful channel as it contains local community perspective and helps to inform residents regarding the hot-issues around. If publicised and regenerated with vast amount of information on positive qualities as well, it can play a major role in development of Southall as a tourist place to visitors from all communities. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southall Wikipedia is a well known website to access basic information about anything or place, but in my opinion this is also not of much interest towards visitors regeneration in Southall. Wikipedia is containing huge amount of information on history, basic culture or characteristics, but if a higher level of information is required, it might be an adversity as it is not a reliable or trusted source of information; the reason is anyone can update or edit the information; hence authenticity of the data is a question. My personal opinion towards this website is not very supportive but still when no other sources are available, at least this websites provides preliminary information. http://www.visitsouthall.co.uk/ Visit Southall is another website with less information. This website is more of an advertisement website than a visitors informative resource. On the opening home page there are number of small adverts from local businesses and a very short note describes Southall. Other relative links takes through the different options e.g. businesses, hotels, shopping, restaurants etc. some of them are useful and some not. This website is more like a local directory with address and phone numbers mentioned on it by various business links. This website, as the link says Visit Southall can be a medium for providing all sort of information and visual material to attract more visitors. But as this website is poorly made; it is of not much use. It requires a complete makeover and can be very successful if different contents like pictures, visual graphics, music or other attractive mediums added to it. Further it requires publicity upon various social networking website s or advertisement through various other media channels. Thereafter I tried to focus on the future prospective in terms of marketing elements to be used in promoting Southall as a distinctive place for visitors from all over. I believe that by now this report has justified the uniqueness of Southall and also provided a sense of experience one can get by visiting. Being diverse and such culturally enriched, still there are many factors and drawbacks which stopped it to grow and reach to the visitors checklist. In further portion of this report I would like to suggest few elements of communications mix to support from marketing point of view. Communication Mix: There are certain requirements for marketing. If Southall needs to improve and rise up as a tourism destination, it is necessary to implement mentioned elements: Branding: Its the process of communicating the visitor the image of the destination, along with features, benefits it has to offer (Kolb, 2006, 219) In my opinion every successful destination has its branding and it actually affect the number of visitors. Branding helps to clarify the destinations personality and more effectively branding works as a powerful tool on peoples mind and gives to its visitor a sense of speciality. But question arise what are the tools to be used as branding? In brief they consist of slogans, logos, icons and imagery. It is essential that these tools must represent a theme and relates to the destination. In case of Southall, it has number of events and festivals which can be easily used as a tool of branding events and can be helpful for its popularity. the key to creating a brandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is to be able to choose a name, logo, symbol, package design, or other attribute that identifies a product and distinguishes it from others (Hem and Iversen, 2004) Along with branding Southall requires excellent level of advertising, as after creating a brand it has to spread out to point of contact with future visitors or potential consumers. Advertising: is without a doubt a biggest tool for promotion, whether product is tangible or intangible. In terms of popularity, Southall definitely require an advertising policy in which diversified culture, colourful atmosphere, delicious food and many other specialities can be promoted as unique experiences. Advertising is a tool which contains perfect communications mix for promotion, and it can reach out to mass rather than personal selling or one to one relations. Although each tool have its own limitations and restrictions, but in my opinion Southall can become superior destination by the help of appropriate branding and advertising. Advertising has various characteristics and it can influence mentioned categories: Persuade new customers (Visitors) for product (Destination) Keep bonding with existing customers Spread awareness among mass population Keeps increasing the reputation for the product Can be used through various mediums at once (TV, Media, Posters, Web Adverts etc.) Influential and less time consuming in comparison to personal relations Further Advertising can be studied and distributed, as it should represent awareness, interest, goal or desire (outcome of advertising) must be decided and action to be made according to conditions demand. This theory is defined as AIDA: Awareness, Interest, Desire and Action. Employing Advertising with Southall: Mentioned are the few beneficial key points by advertising. I am not denying the use of other communications mix but according to the situation and positioning of Southall, I strongly believe that Advertising and Branding will help at major levels. Although some more techniques like; personal selling, public relations or sales support etc. can also be added and implement all together but feasibly these other techniques or tools can be employed by the success or failure of a single tool. Reflection/Conclusion: London is a vast city which accommodates numerous culture and people; by personal experience, I can say that this is one of the most diversified cities in the world. If we look at Londons own personal selling and destination marketing, London has made a mark and is a perfect example for the rest of the world. London has proven a tremendous success when it comes for branding a city. This must be a reason why London has got such diversified areas and destinations inside its own territory. London seems to be a small continent with such vast contrast and variety in between its own people and places. Southall, which grew up and categorised itself as a specific community location, needs special attention. Even if we apart Asian communitys colours, still it has got many other interests and attractions. When we add both; diverse cultural experience with its elegance; it creates a different level experience for its visitors. It consists of many characteristics and attractions, which is a perfect blend of enrich distinctiveness. Future target markets and research we have discussed to get an overview before implementation of any marketing planning. How websites or other media are helpful and in which areas they are lacking behind, we have observe from few examples. What attract people and how to reach out to distinctive and new consumers we argued in the later part. I believe that Southall is representing an important part of diverse London. Although it has been misinterpret by people and other communities but it has got a potential to be an iconic and one of the must visit places. By my observations and research I found that there is some lacking of appropriate marketing approach towards its popularity. If council, private organisations and communities of this place support each other, Southall can be added in undivided parts of Londons famous places.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Why Be Adolescent :: essays research papers

Why be Adolescent? I believe that I have caught on to the biggest scam in the history of the world. No I'm not talking about long distance phone companies, or CD clubs, or even public school. I'm talking about adolescence. Adolescence is the stage between 13, and the early adult, and late teen years. Adolescence is only found in 1st world countries that are descending from England in some way. The reason for that, I believe, is that a long time ago before the existence of America, Canada, or Australia, European countries were thought to be the most advanced, and proper. In almost all aspects of life there, things were ranked in a hierarchy system. They ranked their government system to have different levels of importance; their social status was ranked, church system, police, and finally age. The age hierarchy was not very complex. If you were older than somebody, than of course you were that much closer than the top, unless they had a higher general social status than you. With the branching of Europe, the European ways would follow. Observe the affect adolescence has on North America. Children are treated with extra care until about 13 or 14. Then the stage of adolescence starts. You are given responsibility. Nothing big, but just things like chores, and more time out. The intention of these is good, but it is all part of the plan to make the child ready to be an adult when they're 18. In many cases the child is not used to the responsibility until well after 18, because the change is so dramatic. This could be one the reasons that we have so many young criminals, ages 13-25. In many Asian, and African countries, which are not completely influenced by European culture, adolescence simply does not exist. They are not so worried about spanning the time of giving responsibility, but actually give it a little too soon if anything at all. A lot of the people in these countries don't have a lot of money, so they need the help from their offspring as soon as they can get it. In the extreme, a 14-year-old boy could be working to support his family with a jog for 1.25 an hour with a large American sports clothing line. This can't be good no matter how you look at it, but on the other hand, a boy who learns responsibility at the age of 13, by working for a relative or neighbor, doing physical labor can be very beneficial. The boy is not overwhelmed with the weight of his family's well being on his

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Diversification of Agriculture Essay

Diversification in this case (agricultural diversification) involves the realocation of a, or some of a farms resources, to a new product or products. The prime resource of that time being sugar and the new products being the wide variety of crops that were produced and re-introduced by peasants. Peasants are a class of people of a lower status, who depends on agricultural labour for subsistence. The peasant life could be placed and termed in different categories. According to Mintz 1961,† a peasant style of life was worked out by the people while they were still enslaved, these people were refered to as proto-peasants. † he also makes mension of runaway pesantries or marrons, whome he described as, â€Å"those who formed communities outside colonial authority, build on subsistance farming in mountainous or interior forest regions†. This research will higlight how the peasants produced a wide variety of crops and the reintroduction of old ones. The purpose of this research is to show that the diversification of the caribbean economy was beecause of peasant initiative. had it not been for their efforts, the old sugar monopoly would have prevailed in the post emacipation period sustaining a system of bankruptcy and decay. Woodville K Marshall wrote, â€Å"our pesantry starts in 1838 an comprises of ex-slaves who started small farms on the peripheries of plantation wherever they could find land – on abandon plantations and in the mountainous unknowns of various teritories. † the first aim of the ex-slaves was to move away from the forced and unpaid labour. Many others preffered to stay in their own homes amongs friends and relatives with expectations of earning enough cash to purchase certain commodoties that they were unable to gain as slaves. The feeling of complete freedom, of the plantation was only recodnise by free people if they could aquire there own lands. the simplest methods of getting propperty was to buy unoccupied land, either from land belonging to plantations which was not farmed by owner and crown lands. these crown lands was most popular in Trinidad, British Guyana and the interior of Jamaica. Land ownership also came about by squatting on unused land in the the remote interious of the large colonies. People who purchase property outright were more fortunate than squatters, they gainned written proof of ownership and the land they bought was already cleared and close to markets. however outright purchase was the exception, not the rule. The exslaves were aslo able to aquire land in other intances through missionary help. These include popular missionaries such as James Phillips and William Nibb. In 1835 Phillips, bought 10 hectares in the mountains behind Jamaica Spanishtown, subdivided the land into small lots for sale on easy term to his congregation. the new community named sligoville was the only settlement during apprenticeship. In july 1838 William Nibb shared the belief that planters would try to force extra work from their free labour by dramatically increasing rent on estate fig. 1 Newcastle, free village, in the Jamaica blue mountains. homes. William took up the mantel to help his congregation, he told them about a loan of ten thousand pounds that was granted to him by a friend from england. Knibb then said, â€Å"that sum should be apropriated to the purchase of land on which you may live if your present employer force you to quit the properties on which you now live. † Williams predictions came through, the planters acted as he had foreseen and by 1839 he was constructing several ‘Free Villages’ for labourers who did not want to risk increases in rent on the plantations. The missionary society was quite abdoman in the development of the pesantry. Upon discusing the success of the pesantry one must give an account for the stages of development which includes the period of establishment (1839 – 1850-60). This was highlighted by the rapid land ownership, and the incresing number of peasants. observers of the caribbean stated, â€Å"the great and universal object of the ex-slave was the aquisition of land, however limited in extent. † Larger population, small size and a long established sugar industry left few oppertunities for land aqusition for peasants of island territories such as Barbados, St. Kitts and Antigua. Ex-slaves from these colonies had to think emigration. However, countries like Jamaica and the Windward Islands the sugar industry left underdeveloped montainous interiors . In Trinidad and Tobago and British Guyana a small population and young industry created many oppertunities for land aquisition. Efforts of the exslaves were so successful in the named countries that emmancipation officials were reporting an almost daily increases in number of free holders. Another stage of development is the period of consilidation in which the peasantry continues its growth in numbers and most important, a marked shift by the peasants to export crop production. For example in Jamaica (only teritory with complete figures for small holdings) the number of holding between 5 and 49 acres increased from 13 189 in 1880 to 24 226 in 1902 to 31 038 in 1930. However the most important phase of the development is what Eisner calls a ‘new pesantry’. Eisner national income estimate for Jamacia for 1850 and 1890 reveal a shift from maily provison production to mixed provisions that could be exported by peasants. a very good example of income was the value of the export crops (sugar, coffee, rum, pimento, ginger) in 1850 its estimated by Eisner at 1 089 300 pounds, of which small settlement contributed 133 500 pounds or just over 10%. The variety of products continued to grow, and shares rising until the third period (1900 and beyond). At this stage the pesantry did not expand and evidence shows that it might have been contracting. Table 2 below shows an example of evidence of a decrease in peasant holdings in Jamaica. Initially, before the growth of the peasantry, ex-slaves decided to set up themselves as peasants because although slavery had ended the principle of forced labour, had only changed to contolled labour upon those who remain on the plantations. Many who stayed in hopes of becoming wage owners, plans were shattered within a few years becasue of different reasons. Amongs these different reasons the system of tenancy which compelled the slaves to labour ‘steadily and continuosly’ on the estates in return for secure residence in the house and ground which he had occupied as a slave, insecurely of tenure, as well as relatively low wages and increases in rent reinforced many ex-slaves determination to seek new and better oppertunities away from the estates accross the caribbean. a small population of the slaves were skilled which meant those who could’nt be masons, carpenters, barrel makers, wheel wrights and cart builders had to turn to the best known alternative, the ‘soil’. Only this time there hard labour would of been for their survival and not to fill their masters stock. The peasantry afforded them with the oppertunity to become wage earners. On the basis in which the pesantry was running, it was basically characterise, the pure plantation economy and society. Although the peasants were producing a great quantity and variety of subsistence food and livestock, they strove to expand their boundaries by introducing new crops and or re-introducing old ones. Bananas, coffee, citrus, coconuts, cocoa, spices (ginger and pimento), and log wood in Jamaica; Cocoa, arrowroot, spices, bananas and log wood in Windwards, were the most popular crops introduced and or re-introduced for exports. the Leewards grew arowroot as a staple export crop. It has been recorded that St. Vincent alone sold 613 380 kilograms. Small holders in Grenada exported coffee, cotton, cocoa, copra, honey and beeswax. In Trinidad squatters sold the timber they gainned from clearing crown lands for charcoal burning and export some for boat buiding and later exported coffee and cocoa. The guyanese was one of the few that was into the exportation of the rice crop. Most of the caribbean teritories were at some point in time producing certain crops for export and gathered profitable incomes. It is quit evident , that the pesantry has accumilated musch success. With the help of the missionaries and the income gainned, peasants were able to initiate the convension of plantation socities. they adapted to building local self-generating communities and used funds that they had alocated from exports along with babtist missionaries ( missionary help was popular mainly in Jamaica) who were quite abdoman in helping the peasants organise free villages and the construction of school such as Cadrinton primary school in barbados, which was run by missionaries and churches for learning and worship. They also clamoured for expansion of education facilities, communication and better maketing schemes and facilities. The peasants were able to start local co-operative movement (sou-sou, box hand and partner hand) which later develop banks some which may still be in exsistance today.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Free Essays on John Hancock

John Hancock John Hancock was the first to sign the Declaration of Independence. He did so with such a flourish that his name became a synonym for the word â€Å"signature† (United states-on-line). John was born into a middle class family. When he was eight he practiced how to write his signature. He used his family’s fortune for his fame. John didn’t hesitate when he was asked to join the Sons of Liberty. Hancock was also accused of wine smuggling (The Founding Fathers Series). After graduating from Harvard in 1754, he joined his uncle’s firm, and ten years later he took over it’s management, becoming the wealthiest merchant in New England. He united with the protest against the Stamp Act along with the other British dictatorial measures. Hancock gained the esteem of the Massachusetts patriots (United States-on-line). Due to the Sugar Act of 1764 the commissioners sought to trap him into a technical insubordination. Hancock with stood his ground, and the charges were soon dropped. Customs agents seized his ship called the Liberty in 1768, popular sympathy led to public demonstrations in his behalf; John Adams defended him and the charges were finally dropped. John Hancock emerged as a leading figure in the revolutionary movement. In 1774 Hancock was elected president of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress (United States-on-line). The following year he became the leader of the Boston patriot committee and an ally of Adams. British officials brought attention to John Adams and John Hancock in 1775 because of inflammatory oratory. Warned by Paul Revere, they fled Lexington just as the battles of Lexington and Concord opened the Revolutionary War (The Founding Fathers Series). John Hancock was elected to the Second Continental Congress, John signed the Declaration of Independence and afterwards he was elected president of Congress. He resigned in 1777 in dissatisfaction over the failure of Congress to mak... Free Essays on John Hancock Free Essays on John Hancock John Hancock John Hancock was the first to sign the Declaration of Independence. He did so with such a flourish that his name became a synonym for the word â€Å"signature† (United states-on-line). John was born into a middle class family. When he was eight he practiced how to write his signature. He used his family’s fortune for his fame. John didn’t hesitate when he was asked to join the Sons of Liberty. Hancock was also accused of wine smuggling (The Founding Fathers Series). After graduating from Harvard in 1754, he joined his uncle’s firm, and ten years later he took over it’s management, becoming the wealthiest merchant in New England. He united with the protest against the Stamp Act along with the other British dictatorial measures. Hancock gained the esteem of the Massachusetts patriots (United States-on-line). Due to the Sugar Act of 1764 the commissioners sought to trap him into a technical insubordination. Hancock with stood his ground, and the charges were soon dropped. Customs agents seized his ship called the Liberty in 1768, popular sympathy led to public demonstrations in his behalf; John Adams defended him and the charges were finally dropped. John Hancock emerged as a leading figure in the revolutionary movement. In 1774 Hancock was elected president of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress (United States-on-line). The following year he became the leader of the Boston patriot committee and an ally of Adams. British officials brought attention to John Adams and John Hancock in 1775 because of inflammatory oratory. Warned by Paul Revere, they fled Lexington just as the battles of Lexington and Concord opened the Revolutionary War (The Founding Fathers Series). John Hancock was elected to the Second Continental Congress, John signed the Declaration of Independence and afterwards he was elected president of Congress. He resigned in 1777 in dissatisfaction over the failure of Congress to mak... Free Essays on John Hancock The person I have chosen to write my paper on is John Hancock. I choose him because of the showy form in which it is inscribed on the Declaration of Independence â€Å"John Hancock† has been incorporated in to the English language as a synonym for â€Å"signature†. John Hancock is most famous for his bold signature, but he had more than just a pretty signature he was a man who knew hot to get things done. Born on January 12, 1737 in Braintree (now part of Quincy), Massachusetts. He was the middle of 3 kids; he had an older sister and a younger brother. His father was a reverend, until he died when John was 7. So then his mother sent him to his wealthy and childless uncle and aunt, Thomas and Lynda. The adopted him and at the age of nine John entered the Boston Latin School also called South Grammar School. He spent four more years in Boston Latin School, and went into Harvard College (now Harvard University). He graduated from Harvard College at the age of 17. After he graduated from Harvard College he entered his uncle’s lucrative mercantile business. Upon the death of his uncle in 1764, he inherited Boston’s leading mercantile firm, which was reported to be the greatest fortune ever amassed in New England. He was twenty-seven years old. He became one of the richest men in the colonies. At the age of 38, he married Dolly Quincy. They had 2 children, but hey both died very young. His daughter only lived a few months, and his son got killed when he was ice-skating at the age of nine. He was elected to he Boston Assembly in 1766, and was a member of the Stamp Act Congress. Soon afterward, Hancock abetted the Boston Tea Party. The following year he delivered a public address to a large crown in Boston, commemoration the Boston Massacre. Delegate to, and President of, the Provincial congress of Massachusetts in 1773; Elected to Continental Congress in 1774; Elected President of the Continental Congress from May, 1775 t...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

The Conditional Tense of Spanish

The Conditional Tense of Spanish Just as in English, the conditional tense of verbs in Spanish is difficult to classify. Unlike the past, future and present tenses, it doesnt always refer to a particular period of time. And while its name suggests that it is used when theres a condition involved, in Spanish it also has some close connections with the future tense. In fact, in Spanish, the conditional tense is known as both el condicional and el futuro hipotà ©tico (the hypothetical future). The conditional also has various uses that dont at first glance seem closely related. But the connection among them is that verbs in the conditional dont refer to events that definitely or necessarily have happened or are happening. In other words, the conditional tense refers to acts that can be seen as hypothetical in nature. Conditional Tense Often Translates English 'Would' Fortunately for those of us who speak English, the theory is fairly easy to apply, since the conditional tense can usually be understood as the Spanish verb form that is used to translate English would verb forms. In most cases where we use would in English we use the conditional in Spanish, and vice versa. As long as you remember the rare exceptions, you wont go wrong often by thinking of the conditional as the would tense. Here are some examples (in boldface) of the conditional tense in use: No comerà ­a una hamburguesa porque no como animales. (I wouldnt eat a hamburger because I dont eat animals.)Si pudiese, vivirà ­a en Guadalajara. (If I could, I would live in Guadalajara.)Hay seis pelà ­culas que yo pagarà ­a por ver. (There are six films I would pay to see.) Here are the major usages of the conditional that can be understood by using the English would. If the explanations are confusing, read the examples for clarification: Using the Conditional for Actions Conditioned on Something Else Another way of putting this is that the conditional indicates the possibility of an action related to specific circumstances. The circumstances (that is, the condition) can be stated, but they dont have to be. Note the following examples, with the conditional verb in boldface: Si tuviera dinero, irà ­a al cine. (If I had money, I would go to the movies. The condition is having money. In this case, the condition in Spanish is stated in the imperfect subjunctive, as is very common. It is also stated in the subjunctive in the English sentence, and this is one of the few constructions where the subjunctive form is still used in English today.)Yo comerà ­a la comida, pero soy vegetariano. (I would eat the meal, but Im vegetarian. (he condition is being a vegetarian.)Marà ­a habrà ­a venido, pero su madre estaba enferma. (Mary would have come, but her mother was sick. The condition is her mothers sickness. This sentence is in the conditional perfect form, using the conditional tense of haber followed by the past participle.)Marà ­a habrà ­a venido. Mary would have come. (This sentence is the same as the one above, but without the condition explicitly stated. The condition would have to be inferred from the context.)Con ms dinero, yo ganarà ­a. With more m oney, I would win. (The condition is having money. This is a case where a condition is expressed without using si.) Yo no hablarà ­a con ella. (I wouldnt talk with her. The condition is unstated.) Using the Conditional in a Dependent Clause Following a Past Tense Sometimes, the conditional is used in a dependent clause that follows a main clause that uses a past-tense verb. In such cases, the conditional tense is used to describe an event that might have happened after the event in the main clause. A few examples should help clarify this usage: Dijo que sentirà ­amos enfermos. (He said that we would feel sick. In this case, feeling sick happened, or might have happened or will happen, after he made his statement. Note that in such a sentence construction, the que, or that, doesnt always have to be translated into English.)Supe que yo saldrà ­a. (I knew I would leave. As in the above sentence, the act of leaving isnt connected to a specific period of time, except that it takes place, or could take place, at some time after the knowing.)Me prometià ³ que ganarà ­an. (She promised me they would win. Again, we cant tell from this sentence whether they actually won, but if they did it came after the promise.) Using the Conditional for Requests The conditional can also be used to make requests or some statements sound less blunt. Me gustarà ­a salir. I would like to leave. (This sounds gentler than Quiero salir, I want to leave.) ¿Podrà ­as obtener un coche? (Would you be able to get a car?) Note that querer in the subjunctive is sometimes used in a similar way: Quisiera un taco, por favor. I would like a taco, please. Conjugating the Conditional Tense For regular verbs, the conditional tense is formed by adding a suffix to the infinitive. The same suffixes are used for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. Hablar is used here as an example: hablarà ­a (I would speak)hablarà ­as (you would speak)hablarà ­a (you/she/he/it would speak)hablarà ­amos (we would speak)hablarà ­ais (you would speak)hablarà ­an (you/they would speak) Key Takeaways As its name suggests, the Spanish conditional tense is typically used, like would, to indicate that a verbs action that is conditioned on some other event, which need not be explicitly stated.The conditional tense can refer to real or hypothetical actions in past, present, and future.The same method is used to form the conditional tense for all regular verbs, regardless of whether they are -ar, -er, or -ir verbs.